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Review for Final

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Review for Final

 

**Remember to also incorporate these terms and concepts into your descriptive essays when preparing your Final Portfolio

 

Ear Training Practice Examples

 

Practice Exam

 

Essay: 

**INSTRUCTOR'S TIP - Early on in this preocess, for each song, write one sentence for each of the three graded essay elements, then, over the final days you can expand/unpack and refine each sentence into a paragraph that demonstrates what you learned:

     - Technical (think software tools and recording, sequencing or mixing techniques)

     - Musical (think song form, keys and scales, chord progressions, melodic elements, intervals rhythms, dynamics, instrumentation...etc.) 

     - Personal development (give us an idea of your intent, interesting meaning or connections you found, personal growth through challenges in the song, recording anecdotes or memories from your point of view)

 

Harmony Melody Form Techniques 

12 Tone Music 

   (serialism)

Key -

Circle of Fifths/Fourths

 

Voice Leading

 

Major or Minor

key/scale

 

Major/Minor scales

 

Chords- triads seventh chords, extensions

 

Identifying Major, Minor, Augmented, Diminished Triads

 

Consonance and Dissonance

Melodic Contour

the arch or shape of a melody

 

Motif - small recurring element often compositionally developed further in the artistic process (motivic treatment)

 

Repetition:

Literal repetition - to repeat a melody/motif in its original (pure) form

 

Inversion- a type of repitition but the melodic shape is turned upside down

 

Embellishment - to dress up a melodic idea/motif, often through the use of "ornaments" - patterned embellishment. examples: the trill, appogiatora and mordant.

 

Fragmentation - to truncate or use only a smaller piece of the melodic phrase. 

Breaking up a subject into small segments, any one of which may form the basis for further development

 

Sequencing-repeating the same notes but moving them up or down

Song construction or shapes :

Arch Form

Additive Form

examples

AABA-

Verse 1, 

Verse 2, 

Chorus, Verse 3

ABCA

Verse-Bridge-chorus-Verse

Rondeau/Rondo

ex. ABACA etc

 

12 Bar Blues

Recording/Processing Techniques:

Quantize

Velocity

Envelopes 

Modulation

Transposing

Compression

Equalization

Sampling

Looping

 

Special Effects:

Echo-Reverb and Delay

Flange - Phase 

 

Mixing Techniques:

Create depth in your mix by balancing layers into Foreground, Middleground and Background levels.

* Use Volume envelopes, EQ and Compression.

 

Frame your mixdown within a second of silence at the beginning and end. Natural decay/resonance at end

 

Organic Creation:  When you have a good idea for a song, don't just start off with that idea and keep repeating it.  Build up to that completed piece, or build down from it.  Think of a tree, start from the roots and progressively build upward!

Matrix - ordered 12x12 grid where each row or column contains only one of each pitch class.

 

Prime -reading the row across left-right in either its original form or one of the 11 transpositions

 

Retrograde-reading a row backwards from right to left. Same pitch classes in reverse order.

 

Inversion - reading a column downward which yields the same pitch intervals in the opposite direction of the prime row (melody reflected "upside-down")

 

Retrograde Inversion - reading columns upward from bottom (backward inversion of prime row)

Scale

Chord

Diatonic-of the scale

 

Tonic (home) resolution of tension, a period at the end of the musical sentence.

 

Dominant-using the the leading tone of the key that pulls you home

 

Subdominant -away from home musically, but not pulling home yet. Sometimes thought of as pre-dominant

 

Augmentation- to add length to the melodic idea, or to increase duration of notes

 

Dimunition- to decrease the melodic idea in length, or to decrease duration of notes

 

Performance Techniques:

 

Voice Leading

 

Dynamics - loud and soft

piano (soft)

 

forte (loud, strong)

 

mezzo- prefix. modifies following word as "kind of" or medium as in mezzoforte (medium loud)

 

-issimo - suffix. modifies previous word as "very" as in pianissimo (very soft)

 

crescendo - become louder

 

diminuendo - become softer

 

TEMPO (time) - rate of speed

Beat- pulse that defines tempo

Largo - slow pulse, (beat is large)

Andante - medium walking tempo

Allegro - quick pulse

 

 

 

 

 

Articulation- relative degree of accent or smoothness to the attack of a note

 

Special Effects:

Tremelo

Pizzicato

Portamento 

SulPonticello

Col Legno

Ricochet

Spiccato

Trans Ponticello

Martellato

Nesting - 3 or more of the same pitch classes found grouped together in other rows of the 12tone matrix

Integral Serialism - pitch order is reflected on other musical dimensions, such as:

time-rhythm, instrumentation or dynamics

 

 

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